A longitudinal study of free leptin index in pre-eclamptic pregnancies.

The ratio between circulating levels of leptin and soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R), the free leptin index (FLI), is used as a marker of leptin resistance. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the FLI in mild pre-eclamptic pregnancies in a nested case-control study within a prospective observational study. Circulating levels of leptin and sOB-R levels rise significantly during pregnancy in healthy (p < 0.05) (n = 46) and pre-eclamptic pregnancies (p < 0.05) (n = 20). Serum levels of leptin were significantly higher in pre-eclamptic compared to healthy pregnancies at second and third trimesters of pregnancy (p < 0.05). Additionally, serum levels of sOB-R were significantly lower in pre-eclamptic pregnancies during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy compared to healthy pregnancies (p < 0.05). Moreover, we found that FLI did not vary significantly during pregnancy in healthy women (p > 0.05), while it increases in pre-eclamptic pregnancies (p < 0.05). Indeed, FLI was significantly higher at second and third trimesters of pregnancy in pre-eclamptic compared to healthy pregnancies (p < 0.05). In addition, FLI was significantly higher in the luteal phase compared with the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle in eumenorrheic women (p < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed the ability of leptin (AUC = 0.72) and FLI (AUC = 0.67) as a reliable predictor for mild pre-eclampsia during the second trimester of pregnancy. In conclusion, our findings show that FLI were significantly increased in mild pre-eclamptic pregnancies and allowed us to hypothesize that this rise might alter leptin bioavailability and bioactivity which might lead to the sympathetic hyperactivity and the hypertensive disorders during pregnancy.

Riesgo cardiometabólico en población colombiana con perfíl dietario bajo en fibra y ácidos grasos poliinsaturados / Cardiometabolic risk in a colombian population with dietary profile low in fiber and polyunsaturated fatty acids

Introducción: Los factores de riesgo a enfermedades metabólicas y cardiovasculares pueden pasar desapercibidos en personas aparentemente sanas, consideradas así por tener dentro del rango normal el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la tensión arterial. Al determinar tempranamente los factores de riesgo a las alteraciones metabólicas puede retrasarse el desarrollo de patologías, como la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) y sus complicaciones, que actualmente causan discapacidad y muerte a nivel global. Objetivo: Evaluar factores de riesgo metabólico y cardiovascular en adultos colombianos aparentemente sanos, entre 40 a 70 años. Material y métodos: Se seleccionaron voluntarios sin medicación antihipertensiva ni hipoglucemiante, entre otros fármacos A cada participante se le determinó glucosa basal y perfil lipídico completo en suero, las medidas antropométricas y de composición corporal. Se diligenció la escala Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC), una encuesta de frecuencia de alimentos y sociodemográfica. Resultados: De acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión, 535 voluntarios completaron el protocolo, de ellos el 70% presentó alteración del IMC. En el 57% se detectó riesgo a padecer DM2 en un lapso de 10 años, valorado entre moderado y alto mediante FINDRISC. Se encontró en el 23% hiperglucemia, el 2% en rango de diagnóstico a DM2. Se determinó alguna forma de dislipidemia en el 86% de la población y el 66% presentó riesgo cardiovascular. El análisis nutricional de macronutrientes permitió detectar deficiencia en el consumo de fibra, ácidos grasos monoinsaturados y poliinsaturados. Conclusiones: Una valoración integral, con implementación de herramientas de fácil acceso y aplicación como el FINDRISC, los índices antropométricos y aterogénicos, logró detectar en una población aparentemente sana, alto riesgo a enfermedad cardiovascular y a DM2. El patrón dietario con características de tipo occidental, puede ser una de las causas en el aumento del porcentaje...(AU)

Objective: To evaluate metabolic and cardiovascular riskfactors in apparently healthy Colombian adults between 40and 70 years of age. Methods: Volunteers were selected without antihyper-tensive and hypoglycemic medication. Basal glucose andcomplete serum lipid profile, anthropometric measurementsand body composition were determined in each participant.The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC), a food fre-quency survey were completed and atherogenic indiceswere determined. Results: 535 volunteers completed the inclusion criteria.70% of whom presented altered BMI. In 57%, a risk of de-veloping DM2 within 10 years was detected, assessed be-tween moderate and high by FINDRISC. Hyperglycemia wasfound in 23%, some form of dyslipidemia was found in 86%of the population and 66% presented risk of cardiovasculardisease. The nutritional analysis of macronutrients showeddeficiency in the consumption of fiber and polyunsaturatedfatty acids. The response to FINDRISC questionnaire andmedical history question about physical activity characterized79% of the volunteers as sedentary.Conclusions: A medical evaluation, with implementationof easily accessible and applicable tools such as FINDRISC,anthropometric and atherogenic indices, it was possible to de-tect in an apparently healthy population, alteration of BMI,with high cardiovascular risk and to DM2. The dietary patternwith Western-type characteristics may be one of the causesof the increase in the percentage of cardiovascular diseaserisk factors and metabolic alterations.(AU)

Maternal Serum Angiopoietin-Like 3 Levels in Healthy and Mild Preeclamptic Pregnant Women.

Objective: Angiopoietin-like protein 3(ANGPTL3) is an important regulator of lipoprotein metabolism in the fed state by inhibiting the enzyme lipoprotein lipase in oxidative tissues. However, the possible role of ANGPTL3 throughout gestation and its relationship with hormonal and biochemical variables are still unknown. The aim of this study was to determinate serum ANGPTL3 level in healthy non-pregnant women, during healthy and preeclamptic pregnancy and postpartum. Methods: Serum ANGPTL3 was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in a prospective cohort of healthy pregnant women (n = 52) and women with mild preeclampsia (n = 21), and women at three months postpartum (n = 20) and healthy non-pregnant women (n = 20). The results obtained were correlated with biochemical, hormonal and anthropometric variables and insulin resistance indices. Results: Levels of ANGPTL3 were not different between the follicular and the luteal phases of the cycle in healthy non-pregnant women. There was a significant reduction in serum ANGPTL3 levels from the first to the third trimester in healthy pregnant women compared with healthy non-pregnant and postpartum women (p <0.01). ANGPTL3 levels do not differ significantly during the three trimesters of pregnancy neither in healthy women nor in preeclamptic women. The serum levels of ANGPTL3 in women who developed preeclampsia are not statistically different from those observed in healthy pregnant women in each trimester of pregnancy. A significant lineal positive correlation was observed between serum ANGPTL3 levels and triglyceride (P =0.0186, r =0.52), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P =0.0224, r =0.50), and total cholesterol levels (P =0.0220, r =0.50) in healthy non-pregnant women (P 0.05). Besides, there were no significant correlations between serum ANGPTL3 and body mass index (BMI), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, insulin, leptin, or HOMA-IR (P >0.05). Conclusions: We describe for the first time the profile of ANGPTL3 throughout pregnancy and postpartum as well as and discussed about explore their potential contribution interactions with lipoprotein metabolism throughout pregnancy and postpartum. Thus, low levels of ANGPTL3 during pregnancy might favor lipid uptake in oxidative tissues as the main maternal energy source, while may helping to preserve glucose for use by the fetus and placenta.

Serum angiopoietin-like 3 levels are elevated in obese non diabetic men but are unaffected during an oral glucose tolerance test.

This study aimed to determine ANGPTL3 serum levels in healthy young lean and obese non-diabetic men during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and correlate them with anthropometric, biochemical and hormonal parameters. A case-control study was carried out and 30 young obese non-diabetic (23.90 ± 3.84 years and BMI 37.92 ± 4.85 kg/m2) and 28 age-matched healthy lean (24.56 ± 3.50 years and BMI of 22.10 ± 1.72 kg/m2) men were included in this study. The primary outcome measures were serum basal ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL3-area under the curve (AUC) levels. The percentage of body fat was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and biochemical, hormonal and insulin resistance indices were determined. Basal ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL3-AUC levels were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in young obese subjects compared with lean subjects and were positively and significantly associated with different anthropometric measurements. Fasting ANGPTL3 serum levels were positively correlated with fasting insulin, leptin, Leptin/Adiponectin index and triglyceride-glucose index. Moreover, ANGPTL3-AUC was negatively correlated with Matsuda index. In this regard, chronically high ANGPTL3 levels in young obese subjects might favor triglyceride-rich lipoprotein clearance to replenish triglyceride stores by white adipose tissue rather than oxidative tissues.